Publications

2004 – 2015: A decade of expertise on climate economics

2 December 2015 - Special issues - By : Benoît LEGUET / Pierre DUCRET

I4CE – the Institute for Climate Economics is an initiative of the Caisse des Dépôts, which continues to support us, and the Agence Française de Développement, which has joined this project, giving the Institute a strong international dimension.
The two major French public financial institutions are thus joining forces to create a real think tank, open to other partnerships.

From the outset, I4CE – the Institute for Climate Economics – benefits from the expertise and reputation which CDC Climat Research has acquired over ten years through our publicly available research, our discussions with public and private decision makers, and our research partnerships with other teams in France, Europe and around the world. I4CE aims at strengthening this independent economic expertise and increasing its influence.

The creation of I4CE in 2015 is a step towards creating an agenda of solutions for the climate. We hope that our work will feed into efforts by France and international negotiators to reach an agreement in Paris in December. However, we have long believed that the transition towards a ‘decarbonised’ economy which is resilient to climate change does not depend solely upon work by governments.
We believe that three other categories of stakeholders are just as essential for ensuring that this change is successful:

  • the industrial sector, and the energy sector in particular, the speed of transformation of which will depend greatly upon the inclusion of a carbon price in its model;
  • the finance sector which now must incorporate the 2°C objective into the way in which it allocates capital;
  • regional stakeholders which decide on the future of cities, agriculture and forestry.

    We have developed and organised our research programme for the coming years around these three areas, with the aim of providing our partners with the keys to understanding and decision making, acting as a meeting point for the best academic work and the constraints of political and economic action.

    This report will give you an overview of our activities and ways of working.

2004 – 2015: A decade of expertise on climate economics Download
I4CE Contacts
Benoît LEGUET
Benoît LEGUET
Managing Director Email
To learn more
  • 03/03/2026 Blog post Op-ed
    To strengthen European industry, let’s strengthen the ETS

    Several voices are now being heard in Europe, coming from Member States – including that of Chancellor Merz – and from industry, calling for the rules of the CO2 quota system to be weakened. For Benoît LEGUET and Jean PISANI-FERRY, this would be a mistake for Europe. And for France. On the contrary, we must strengthen this unique public policy in order to develop our industry. 

  • 02/27/2026 Foreword of the week
    Risk levels and priorities: financing climate adaptation requires clear decisions

    As the European Commission prepares an integrated framework on climate resilience and risk management for the EU, the public consultation has just wrapped up – an important step towards the publication of the proposals for the framework later this year. One of the main areas of focus will be the issue of financing adaptation, with the first key challenge being to mainstream the concept of resilience by design into all European funding currently under discussion, including structural policies such as the Common Agricultural Policy and the Connecting Europe Facility.

  • 02/26/2026
    Unlocking Capital for Climate Adaptation: how financing costs exacerbate needs, and ways to address them in EMDEs

    Adaptation needs in emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs) are rising rapidly, yet current financing assessments systematically underestimate the scale of the challenge. This paper calls for a shift from headline finance targets towards strategies that fully integrate cost of capital considerations, combining concessional finance, revenue mobilisation, and structural reforms to unlock durable and scalable investment in climate adaptation in EMDEs.

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