Methodological Report – French Observatory of access conditions to the ecological transition for households, 2025 Edition

Investments that allow households to free themselves from dependence on fossil fuels—electric vehicles, heat pumps, home insulation—are attracting growing interest, and the government recently unveiled its plan to accelerate the electrification of end-uses

Energy prices, cost of low-carbon equipment, and public aid: how will the evolution of these factors in 2026 impact the ability of middle-income households to invest in the transition?

Subsidising projects is no longer enough.
Without secured demand and a coordinated targeted European framework, the French and European green industries risk skidding to a halt on the road to scale.