Executive Summary Cities and Carbon Market Finance: Taking Stock of Cities’ Experience with Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Joint Implementation (JI)

In France, after the French “Low Carbon Label” (le Label bas carbone, LBC) certification scheme, there remains a systemic lack of funding for agricultural projects. Among the reasons mentioned by the agri-food industries is the fear of “double claiming”.

Once again, soaring oil prices are squeezing households’ purchasing power, undermining industrial competitiveness, and exposing the EU’s structural dependence on imported fossil-fuel energy.

The energy crisis exposes the EU structural vulnerabilities: accelerating investment in clean energy and low-carbon technologies is key to securing economic prosperity, energy independence, and households’ purchasing power.