Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from economic activities relies in particular on the adoption of new green technologies, also known as “cleantech”. These include, for example, batteries for electric vehicles and hydrogen, which is essential for new industrial manufacturing processes. Producing these technologies locally has many advantages: it supports job creation, strengthens Europe’s industrial sovereignty, and reduces environmental impact compared to imports.
While deployment of clean technologies continues to advance, Europe’s manufacturing share in many cleantech sectors is on decline. China’s dominance in cleantech manufacturing, supply chains, and deployment and the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act have reshaped global markets, exposing the scale of Europe’s challenge in matching fiscal strength and policy coordination.
In response, clean industrial policy has gained momentum both in France and at EU level, with the adoption of France 2030 (2023), the Net-Zero Industry Act (2024) and the Clean Industrial Deal (2025). These aim to strengthen domestic cleantech manufacturing, secure strategic supply chains, and link climate, competitiveness and security objectives more tightly together.
In this context, I4CE analyses European and national policies designed to support the emergence of a strong cleantech ecosystem. This work feeds into the European debate on how to align industrial and climate goals and helps to evaluate the effectiveness of public policies and EU public funding for cleantech. In France, I4CE also tracks progress towards national cleantech goals and explores how finance can be mobilised to accelerate the development and scale-up of clean technologies.
