Les investissements climat doivent doubler en Europe et le temps presse
Pour relever les défis de la compétitivité et du bien-être des générations futures, l’Europe doit accélérer la transition climatique. Cela nécessitera des investissements considérables, tant publics que privés. Les gouvernements nationaux doivent donc s’engager et l’UE doit faciliter les investissements dans la transition climat.
Alors que la prochaine Commission européenne s’apprête à entrer en fonction, les défis auxquels elle est confrontée sont considérables. Le récent rapport de Mario Draghi indique clairement qu’il est urgent d’investir dans la compétitivité et l’innovation européennes, tout en accélérant la décarbonisation de l’économie du continent, afin d’éviter une « lente agonie du déclin » pour le bloc.
La présidente de la Commission européenne, Ursula von der Leyen, s’est engagée à diriger une « Commission de l’investissement » et à veiller à ce que le Pacte vert (Green Deal) européen reste sur les rails. Le nouveau mandat quinquennal permettra à l’UE d’atteindre l’objectif de 2030 en matière de réduction des émissions, alors que la course à la compétitivité mondiale s’intensifie. Il sera essentiel de libérer les investissements privés et publics pour accélérer la décarbonisation de l’Europe et renforcer sa compétitivité.nization and reinforcing its competitiveness.
Billet disponible uniquement en anglais.
Closing Europe’s Investment Deficit
Climate investments in Europe grew by 9% (to €407bn) in 2022, according to research by the Institute for Climate Economics – I4CE. Meanwhile, investment in European wind power more than doubled in 2023, and solar power investment is currently on track to meet its 2030 targets.
Still, not all sectors are seeing such growth: the heat pump market, vital to decarbonizing buildings but facing a slowdown in demand, saw a 7.2% decline in 2023. There is a significant gap left to bridge – overall, reaching the EU’s 2030 targets will require an additional investment of €400 billion per year. In a nutshell, climate investments need to double.
Every year that this investment deficit persists, it increases the financial and environmental cost in the years to come. Von der Leyen’s Investment Commission must as a consequence hit the ground running to address the investment gap and deliver on its climate goals.
An Investment Commission with a Plan for Europe
The EU’s new flagship initiative, the Clean Industrial Deal, inspires some optimism for Europe’s decarbonization goal. Europe can build a competitive edge in the net-zero industrial race. But accelerating investment in cleantech across the continent is critical if Europe is to secure its long-term competitiveness. For the Clean Industrial Deal to succeed, it must not only put climate action at its core but also give Member States the flexibility on public spending needed to boost climate investment.
With the European Commission’s current emphasis on the need for fiscal discipline, many Member States are grappling with how to balance the need for climate investment with fiscal constraints. If the EU is serious about achieving its climate goals, it must loosen the grip on public budgets to enable strategic, long-term investments.
A Cleantech Investment Plan, led by the European Investment Bank and the EU Innovation Fund, would be a good start, as it would provide the necessary support for cleantech manufacturing, ensuring Europe remains at the forefront of the global transition to a net-zero economy.
In addition, Europe needs a broader policy and investment mix, including a longer-term climate investment plan, based on a regular and detailed assessment of the investments carried out and further investment needs across sectors and Member States. Turning the national climate and energy plans into genuine transition investment plans would be a step in the right direction, helping to attract investment at all levels. By ensuring a stable and supportive investment environment, Europe can create the conditions for sustainable growth while tackling the need to both adapt to and mitigate further climate change.
Investing in Jobs, Prosperity, and Our Future
Investing in the climate transition is about securing Europe’s future prosperity. When Europe invests in net-zero technologies like electric vehicles, renewable energies, and modern power grids, it also invests in high-quality jobs, energy security and sustainable growth. Public debt used to finance these investments should be viewed as « good debt » – an investment in a transformative transition that will benefit future generations. The high stakes attached to the climate transition and the costs of inaction justify public financing efforts, even in times of intense pressure on public budgets.
If the transition to climate neutrality by 2050 remains Europe’s North Star, and while there are high expectations for the new European executive, the responsibility for driving this transition forward lies not only with Brussels. Member States must also step up, ensuring investment at the national and sub-national levels align with the climate transition.
Our leap into the future begins now, whether in Berlin, Madrid, Paris, Rome or Warsaw. If Europe fails to invest in the climate transition, it risks falling behind in a rapidly changing world. But with the right investment strategy, Europe can secure its place as a leader in clean technologies, creating jobs, fostering prosperity, and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
