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Climate Report

The State of Europe’s Climate Investment, 2025 edition

With the second edition of our State of Europe’s Climate Investment report, we take stock of the development in investments supporting the climate transition in the EU27. The report assesses the real-economy annual investments needed to meet the 2030 targets set out in the Green Deal and Net Zero Industry Act for the energy, buildings, transport and clean tech manufacturing sectors. We track the actual investments in those sectors in the EU economy, highlight the deficits and analyse challenges to mobilise investments.

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Articles & studies
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  • 14/06/2018 Special issues
    Full report – « Mind the gap »: Aligning the 2030 EU climate and energy policy framework to meet long-term climate goals
    For a better coordination of climate and energy policies through the regulation on the Governance of the Energy Union.    Following a policy brief in April 2018, I4CE and Enerdata publish the full study. The report analyzes interactions between EU energy and climate policies and proposes policy options to mitigate counteractive interactions and meet an […]
  • 19/04/2018 Special issues
    2018 State of the EU ETS report
    I4CE publishes the 2018 “State of the EU ETS” report, in partnership with ICTSD/ERCST, the University of Graz, Nomisma Energia and Ecoact. The report focuses on 5 key areas: Relevant Policy and Governance issues, including Phase 4 review Environmental delivery Economic efficiency and delivery, including protection against carbon leakage Market functioning Making the EU ETS […]
  • 17/04/2018 Climate Brief
    Global Carbon Account 2018
    I4CE‘s Global Carbon Account 2018 presents key trends regarding the implementation of explicit carbon pricing policies throughout the world in 2018.     5 key trends in 2018 (Too) Few jurisdictions have implemented an explicit carbon price : as of April 1, 2018, 46 countries and 26 provinces or cities have adopted carbon pricing policies ; […]
  • 12/04/2018 Blog post
    Edito – I4CE welcomes the holding of the First International Climate Risk Conference for Supervisors
    Central bankers are mobilizing against climate risks, advocating for greater transparency, carbon stress tests and regulation of the financial system that integrates these risks.   On April 6, close to 200 employees of central banks and financial supervisors, at the initiative of the Dutch Central Bank (DNB), the Bank of England, the Banque de France […]
  • 10/04/2018 Climate Brief
    « Mind the gap »: Aligning the 2030 EU climate and energy policy framework to meet long-term climate goals
    For a better coordination of climate and energy policies through the regulation on the Governance of the Energy Union.  A new study analyzes interactions between EU energy and climate policies and proposes policy options to mitigate counteractive interactions and meet an increased EU long-term climate ambition in line with the Paris Agreement. I4CE and Enerdata […]
  • 05/04/2018 Op-ed
    Public intervention for house renovations: mobile, motive and opportunity
    The government’s ambitious objectives for the “energy performance” of buildings, in particular private housing units, call for major investments, approximately €15 billion/year. Current incentives have proven capable of raising only half of this amount, and most of these funds go to dispersed interventions with little heed for energy efficiency.
  • 02/03/2018 Climate Report
    Green Bonds: Improving their contribution to the low-carbon and climate resilient transition
    To achieve the Paris Agreement’s objective of limiting the rise of global mean temperature to +2°C compared to the preindustrial period, a shift in the allocation of private finance flows from carbon-intensive activities to investments compatible with a 2°C pathway will be necessary. Given the often high expectations around bonds, it is thus important to understand […]
  • 02/03/2018 Climate Report
    Environmental integrity of green bonds: stakes, status and next steps
    This report presents key findings of the second work package of I4CE’s work program on green bonds, exploring the challenges and opportunities to ensure the environmental integrity the green bond market. It explores the understanding of stakes and challenges related to the environmental integrity of green bonds and suggests potential next steps for both private […]
  • 09/02/2018 Blog post
    Workshop in London – ET Risk toolbox
    The ET Risk consortium is pleased to invite you to the London workshop "Unveiling the ET risk toolbox: scenarios, data and models for risk assessment".
  • 01/02/2018 Blog post
    I4CE welcomes the publication of the Final Report of the EU High Level Expert Group on Sustainable Finance
    Following a year of meetings, consultations and discussions, the EU High-Level Group on Sustainable Finance (HLEG) released today its recommendations on the actions needed to make the EU financial system more sustainable. 2017 was a busy year in the sustainable finance community with the publication of the conclusions of the G20 Green Finance study group and the Taskforce on Climate-related Financial Disclosure (TCFD) – and concluded with the Paris One Planet Summit. The publication of this report demonstrates the will of policymakers and market actors to move from discussions to actions in 2018 and take concrete steps to help the financial system take into account climate change, as well as broader environmental and social considerations
  • 14/12/2017 Blog post
    [VIDEO] Benoit Leguet interviewed by RFI – One Planet Summit: what’s at stake?
    About 50 heads of state gathered on 12 December to discuss finance and climate change at the One Planet Summit. To understand what was at stake, RFI met Benoît Leguet, Managing Director of I4CE. He talked about the objectives of the summit and the economy of the future.
  • 13/12/2017 Climate Report
    Green Bonds: what contribution to the Paris Agreement and how to maximize it?
    Adopted in 2015 at COP21, the Paris Agreement triggered new momentum in the fight against climate change and confirmed the global target of limiting the rise of global mean temperature to 1.5-2°C compared to the preindustrial period. Among the objectives, the central role finance has to play in order to achieve this transition has been […]
  • 11/12/2017 Blog post
    Editorial – One Planet Summit: global finance and the fight against climate change
    By : Morgane Nicol, Ian Cochran, Benoit Leguet On Tuesday December 12 the ‘One Planet Summit’ will take place in Paris organized by Emmanuel Macron, Jim Yong Kim and Antonio Guterres to celebrate the 2 years anniversary of the Paris Agreement. The official summit – as well as side-events organized from December 10 to 14 […]
  • 08/12/2017 Climate Brief
    COP23: The Paris Agreement warms up before the big 2018 game
    COP23 was held from 6 to 18 November 2017 in Bonn, Germany. The conference had to demonstrate that despite recent political challenges, the new governance structure established by the Paris Agreement on climate could maintain the necessary momentum to achieve an ambitious low-carbon transition. Three main outcomes were expected from COP23:   (1) assess the […]
  • 06/12/2017 Climate Report
    Landscape of climate finance in France, 2017 Edition
    To better understand the financing of the fight against climate change and the energy transition, the study identified investments that contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in France. These expenditures are analyzed to identify which actors have undertaken these projects and how they are financed.   Climate investments mainly distributed in three areas […]
  • 06/11/2017 Special issues
    Key figures on Climate
    On the opening of the 23rd Conference of the Parties on Climate Change (COP 23) which is  held in Bonn from 6 to 17 November 2017, I4CE-Institute for Climate Economics and the French Ministry of the Ecological and Inclusive Transition are pleased to present the 2018 edition of Key Figures on climate. Some key figures […]
  • 01/11/2017 Foreword of the week
    Climate Finance Day 2017
    Climate Finance Day 2017 « Acceleration ! » Monday 11 December 2017  organised by Finance for Tomorrow, Paris EUROPLACE and the French Ministry for the Economy and Finance. and in association with the event Mobilisation!  Inscription Centre de Conférence Pierre Mendes France, Ministère de l’Economie et des Finances 139 Rue de Bercy, 75012 Paris In order to showcase solutions developed by the […]
  • 11/10/2017 Special issues
    Full report “EU ETS: last call before the doors close on the negotiations for the EU ETS reform”
    The EU ETS will not be the driver of decarbonisation of the EU economy until 2030 A new report analyses the reform proposals for the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) which are under discussion in the trilogue negotiations between EU institutions, as well as other possible evolutions of the EU ETS in its Phase IV […]
  • 09/10/2017 Climate Brief
    Landscape of carbon prices in 2017
    In September 2017, I4CE updated its database on carbon pricing policies. This panorama presents key trends regarding the implementation of explicit carbon pricing policies at the regional and national level in 2017. A world map, a detailed table and a graph provide comprehensive information on the jurisdictions that have implemented or plan to implement explicit […]
  • 19/09/2017 Climate Report
    Using credit lines to foster green lending: opportunities and challenges
    Green credit lines extended by public finance institutions are a financial intermediation tool with a twofold objective. First, they aim at fostering lending to projects with environmental benefits often referred to as “green lending”. Second, they aim at building capacity in local financial institutions to expand the green lending market after the credit line is […]

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