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Climate Report

The State of Europe’s Climate Investment, 2025 edition

With the second edition of our State of Europe’s Climate Investment report, we take stock of the development in investments supporting the climate transition in the EU27. The report assesses the real-economy annual investments needed to meet the 2030 targets set out in the Green Deal and Net Zero Industry Act for the energy, buildings, transport and clean tech manufacturing sectors. We track the actual investments in those sectors in the EU economy, highlight the deficits and analyse challenges to mobilise investments.

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Articles & studies
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  • 19/09/2019 Blog post
    Understand the New York UN Climate Action Summit in a Minute
    Ahead of the Climate Summit, Alice Pauthier from I4CE discuss the major issues of the Summit and related events happening in New York: beyond raising ambition, finance will be on the agenda. She will be in New York with Ian Cochran to present and discuss outcomes of I4CE’s latest report on Paris Alignment, a subject that everyone talks about… without sharing a common understanding of what it is and implies.
  • 19/09/2019 Climate Report
    A Framework for Alignment with the Paris Agreement: Why, What and How for Financial Institutions?
    Since the adoption of the Paris Agreement, financial institutions and other economic actors have taken commitments to ‘align’ their activities with the goals agreed to by national governments in 2015. A growing body of literature from both the research community and practitioners has emerged on ‘alignment’ with the Paris Agreement goals – but to date […]
  • 27/06/2019 Blog post
    Heat wave, stop being surprised, let’s invest better
    June 2019, the heat wave that affects France and part of Europe takes centre stage. However, we should be less and less surprised by this type of weather event which, with climate change, is becoming more and more common. To see this, take a look at the ClimatHD portal put online by Météo France to disseminate the main climate projections in France.
  • 13/06/2019 Blog post
    It’s time to connect the international initiatives on Climate Finance!
    Since 2016, I4CE is the Secretariat of the Climate Action in Financial Institutions Initiative. Launched at COP21 in 2015, the Initiative brings together 44 public and private financial institutions to make climate change an essential component of their strategies & operations. Leveraging its expertise and network, I4CE assists the Initiative in fostering exchanges between the so-called “Supporting Institutions” on emerging practice and approaches to mainstream climate change.
  • 12/03/2019 Climate Brief
    Physical climate risk: Investor needs and information gaps
    Recent bankruptcy of Californian utility PG&E reckons that companies and their financial stakeholders are already exposed to the potential physical impacts of climate change, also called “physical climate risks”. While risk is at the heart of financial institutions decision-making, only a few of them disclose how their portfolios – with potential PG&Es – are exposed […]
  • 06/03/2019 Blog post
    A European Climate Bank: we can do better
    The idea of creating a European Climate Bank is gaining ground. After being put on the table by the Climate Finance Pact and its many supporters, it is now included in French President Emmanuel Macron's "Letter to Europeans". With the European elections coming up soon, it is excellent news that financing the fight against climate change is on Europe's political agenda. However, is the best solution a new European financial institution?
  • 04/03/2019 Blog post
    What is the One Planet Lab?
    The One Planet Lab meets for the first time on Monday, March 4, in Paris. But what is this Lab? I4CE, which together with IDDRI is in charge of the scientific secretariat of the Lab, provides some basic answers.
  • 17/12/2018 Blog post
    COP24: the challenge of implementation
    COP24 in Katowice just ended and was marked by the difficult adoption of a package of practical rules - the Katowice Climate Package - on transparency, the content of national contributions or their revision. It was also a COP marked by deep concerns about the willingness of Signatory Countries to increase their climate ambition in the coming years. Currently, countries' commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions will lead to global warming well above 2°C, the threshold above which our climate would jump into the unknown.
  • 12/12/2018 Climate Report
    Getting started on Physical climate risk analysis in finance
    Financial institutions are already exposed to the potential physical impacts of climate change also called “physical climate risks” in finance. These require immediate attention from financial institutions, in order to understand how well prepared are the economic actors that they finance.   Yet financial institutions still lack tailored information to analyze their exposure to these […]
  • 14/09/2018 Blog post
    Statement of the Climate Action in Financial Institutions Initiative in San Francisco
    At the Global Climate Action Summit, the Climate Action in Financial Institutions Initiative released a Joint Statement demonstrating how financial institutions are supporting local climate action.
  • 18/07/2018 Blog post
    Banque de France and I4CE become climate finance partners
    The Banque de France and I4CE are forming a partnership with the objective of enhancing the consideration of climate risks and opportunities by the financial sector. This partnership aims to facilitate the exchange of expertise between the two institutions, and more generally the interactions between researchers, financial sector actors, and public authorities. It will also support the work of the Banque de France within the Central Banks and Supervisors Network for Greening the Financial System (NGFS) that it launched at the One Planet Summit in December 2017.
  • 12/07/2018 Blog post
    I4CE takes action in Tunisia to raise awareness in the banking sector
    On Wednesday 11 July in Tunis, Romain Hubert, climate finance specialist at I4CE, participated in a climate risks and opportunities training day for banking sector actors.
  • 21/06/2018 Blog post
    Energy Transition and implementation of the Paris Agreement : What is the role of the financial sector ?
    As part of the Partnership for Market Readiness (PMR) initiative, funded by the World Bank (WB), the United Nations Development Program and the National Agency for Energy Management (ANME) in collaboration with the Tunisian Professional Association of Banks and Financial Institutions (APTBEF) and the Institute for Climate Economics (I4CE), held Monday, June 18, 2018 in Tunis, a lunch debate on the role of the financial sector in the energy transition and the implementation of the Paris Agreement in Tunisia.
  • 21/06/2018 Blog post
    I4CE & E3G host breakfast meeting to push ambition on sustainable finance
    I4CE and E3G - Third Generation Environmentalism in partnership with the Permanent Representation of France to the European Union held a breakfast meeting to discuss the following issue ...
  • 02/03/2018 Climate Report
    Green Bonds: Improving their contribution to the low-carbon and climate resilient transition
    To achieve the Paris Agreement’s objective of limiting the rise of global mean temperature to +2°C compared to the preindustrial period, a shift in the allocation of private finance flows from carbon-intensive activities to investments compatible with a 2°C pathway will be necessary. Given the often high expectations around bonds, it is thus important to understand […]
  • 02/03/2018 Climate Report
    Environmental integrity of green bonds: stakes, status and next steps
    This report presents key findings of the second work package of I4CE’s work program on green bonds, exploring the challenges and opportunities to ensure the environmental integrity the green bond market. It explores the understanding of stakes and challenges related to the environmental integrity of green bonds and suggests potential next steps for both private […]
  • 09/02/2018 Blog post
    Workshop in London – ET Risk toolbox
    The ET Risk consortium is pleased to invite you to the London workshop "Unveiling the ET risk toolbox: scenarios, data and models for risk assessment".
  • 01/02/2018 Blog post
    I4CE welcomes the publication of the Final Report of the EU High Level Expert Group on Sustainable Finance
    Following a year of meetings, consultations and discussions, the EU High-Level Group on Sustainable Finance (HLEG) released today its recommendations on the actions needed to make the EU financial system more sustainable. 2017 was a busy year in the sustainable finance community with the publication of the conclusions of the G20 Green Finance study group and the Taskforce on Climate-related Financial Disclosure (TCFD) – and concluded with the Paris One Planet Summit. The publication of this report demonstrates the will of policymakers and market actors to move from discussions to actions in 2018 and take concrete steps to help the financial system take into account climate change, as well as broader environmental and social considerations
  • 13/12/2017 Climate Report
    Green Bonds: what contribution to the Paris Agreement and how to maximize it?
    Adopted in 2015 at COP21, the Paris Agreement triggered new momentum in the fight against climate change and confirmed the global target of limiting the rise of global mean temperature to 1.5-2°C compared to the preindustrial period. Among the objectives, the central role finance has to play in order to achieve this transition has been […]
  • 19/09/2017 Climate Report
    Using credit lines to foster green lending: opportunities and challenges
    Green credit lines extended by public finance institutions are a financial intermediation tool with a twofold objective. First, they aim at fostering lending to projects with environmental benefits often referred to as “green lending”. Second, they aim at building capacity in local financial institutions to expand the green lending market after the credit line is […]

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